Crunch

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The basic abdominal curl: a short range, done properly, for the rectus abdominis.

What it is

Lying on your back, you curl the ribs toward the pelvis and lower again. It is a small movement, and the small range is the point: the abs flex the spine, they do not lift the whole torso.

Muscles worked

Primary: Core. Secondary: Obliques.

How to perform it

  1. Lie on your back with knees bent and feet flat, hands lightly by your temples.
  2. Press the lower back gently into the floor and breathe out.
  3. Curl the shoulders and ribs toward the pelvis until the shoulder blades leave the floor.
  4. Lower slowly without letting the head crash down.

Common form faults

  • Pulling the head forward with the hands. Rest the fingers by the ears and keep a fist's gap between chin and chest.
  • Sitting all the way up, which brings the hip flexors in. Stop once the shoulder blades clear the floor. That is the whole range of a crunch.

Programming

15 to 25 reps, or fewer with a plate held at the chest. Slow the tempo before adding reps beyond twenty-five.

Variations & substitutions

Frequently asked questions

Do crunches burn belly fat?
No. They build the abdominal muscles; the fat covering them comes off through an overall calorie deficit, not through the exercise choice.
Crunch or sit-up?
The crunch keeps the work on the abs. The sit-up adds hip flexion, which trains more muscles but is harder on the lower back for some.