Across eight studies and 3,632,118 pregnancies, first-trimester exposure to topical retinoids was not associated with increased risk of major congenital malformations or spontaneous abortion.
What it shows: Meta-analysis of eight observational studies, no randomised evidence, and the null result was driven mainly by a single large registry study. Says nothing about oral retinoids, whose risks are established.Systematic review · Front Drug Saf Regul